Chemistry

The electronic characterization of monomer and dimer molecule’s C6H6O4 was also calculated using the DFT (B3LYP/6311G++(d,p)) method. The calculated TDOS, HOMO, and LUMO were performed through intramolecular charge transfer to investigate the molecule’s stability. In dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), the UV spectrum has been determined. According to Swiss-ADME, Aspergillus oryzae is not mutagenic or carcinogenic. Additionally calculated were the Mulliken charges, Fukui indices and MEP. Swiss-ADME was used to forecast predictions and significant descriptors of the compounds’ physicochemical characteristics. The intermolecular interactions were examined using topological analysis techniques like RDG and IRI. For the 1JNK Protein, Aspergillus oryzae has a binding affinity of –6.21.

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The kinetics of one electron transfer route seems to be unavailable for NDC with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexesof alpha-hydroxy acids in micellar medium, NDC oxidises Cobalt (III) bound and unbound alpha-hydroxy acids. it rules out the sychronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) center. oxidation of above complexes increases with increase of temperature. with increase in micellar concentration an increase in the rate is observed. the added DDAC enhances the rate of oxidation of a reaction much more than NaLs. similar trends has been observed in lactato and glycolato Cobalt(III) complexes.

The Kinetic of induced electron transfer reaction has been attempted presently with PyridiniumBromo chromate (PBC) and pentaammine cobalt (III) complexes of á-Hydroxy acid in the presence of micelles. The Pyridinium Bromo chromate (PBC) oxidizes cobalt (III) bound and unbound á- Hydroxy acids. In Pyridinium Bromo chromate (PBC) induced electron transfer in the complex, the intermediate radical formed dissociates in a nearly synchronous C-C bond cleavage and the rest of it proceeding with á- C-H fission yielding to cobalt (III) complex. With increase in surfactant (Ammoniumlauryl sulfate) concentration an increase in the rate is observed.

The kinetics of one electron transfer mode seems to be unavailable for PDC with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexes of α-hydroxyacids in surfactant medium, PDC oxidizes Cobalt(III) bound and unbound α-hydroxyacids. It rules out the synchronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) centre. Oxidation of above complexes increases with increase in temperature. The increase in the rate is observed with increase in the concentration of the surfactant. The added TRITION-X 100 enhances the rate of oxidation of a reaction much more than SDS. Similar trends has been observed in lactato, glycolato and mandelato Co(III) complexes.

The kinetics of one electron transfer route seems to be unavailable for IDC with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexesof alpha-hydroxy acids in micellar medium, IDC oxidises Cobalt (III) bound and unbound alpha-hydroxy acids. it rules out the sychronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) center. oxidation of above complexes increases with increase of temperature. with increase in micellar concentration an increase in the rate is observed. the added TTAB enhances the rate of oxidation of a reaction much more than NaLs. similar trends has been observed in lactato and glycolato Cobalt(III) complexes.

The kinetics of one electron transfer route seems to be unavailable for IDC with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexesof alpha-hydroxy acids in micellar medium, IDC oxidises Cobalt (III) bound and unbound alpha-hydroxy acids. it rules out the sychronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) center. oxidation of above complexes increases with increase of temperature. with increase in micellar concentration an increase in the rate is observed. the added CTAB enhances the rate of oxidation of a reaction much more than NaLs. similar trends has been observed in lactato and glycolato Cobalt(III) complexes.

The kinetics of one electron transfer route seems to be unavailable for KBr with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexesof alpha-hydroxy acids in micellar medium, KBr oxidises Cobalt (III) bound and unbound alpha-hydroxy acids. it rules out the sychronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) center.

The oxidation of pentaamminecobalt (III) perchlorate complexes of alpha-hydroxy acids by quinolinium dichromate (QDC) has been studied in 70% acetic acid. The oxidation of free alpha-hydroxy acids were also carried out under the same conditions for comparative purpose. The reaction was followed by observing the decrease in the absorbance at 440 nm for the Cr (VI) present in the reagent in a UV – Visible spectrophotometer. Product and stoichiometric analysis were carried out for the oxidation of complexes and free ligands. A mechanism involving one electron transfer for the complex and two electron transfer for the ligand was proposed.

The kinetics of one electron transfer route seems to be unavailable for PDC with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexesof alpha-hydroxy acids in micellar medium, PDC oxidises Cobalt (III) bound and unbound alpha-hydroxy acids. it rules out the sychronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) center. oxidation of above complexes increases with increase of temperature. with increase in micellar concentration an increase in the rate is observed. the added NaLS enhances the rate of oxidation of a reaction much more than CTAB. similar trends has been observed in lactato and glycolato Cobalt(III) complexes.

Pyridinium fluorochromate (PFC) oxidation of pentaamminecobalt(III) complexes of α-hydroxy acids in micellar medium yielding nearly 100% of carbonyl compounds are ultimate products. The decrease in UV-visible absorbance at λ=502 nm for Co(III) complex corresponds to nearly 100% of the initial absorbance. The stoichiometry of unbound ligand and cobalt(III) complex is accounting for about 100% reduction at the cobalt(III) centre. The kinetic and stoichiometric results have been accounted by a suitable mechanism.

In this paper, a novel bioactive Chitosan-Lignin/n-Hydroxyapatite/Opuntia ficus-indica -Fruit gum (Cs-Lg/n-Hap/OFI-Fg) biocomposite was fabricated. The as-obtained biocomposite properties are analyzed by optical and structural investigation. The biological properties like antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer ability were evaluated for the biocomposites. The FT-IR spectrum result shows the biocomposites possess significant intermolecular interaction with biomolecules. The powder XRD result indicated the as-obtained Cs-Lg/n-Hap/OFI-Fg biocomposites are crystalline in nature. The microhardness test shows the addition of fruit gum increases the mechanical strength of the biocomposite. The thermal stabilities of the as-obtained Cs-Lg/n-Hap/OFI-Fg biocomposite were higher than to Cs-Lg/n-Hap composite as revealed by TGA analysis. The SEM images show an addition of fruit gum leads to the formation of …

We developed a novel BW-CS/ZnHA biocomposite utilizing Beeswax-Chitosan and Zinc-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (ZnHAP). The uniformed mixture of beeswax-chitosan and ZnHAP was freeze-dried to get a porous biocomposite. The fabricated biocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Moreover, the antibacterial, swelling, biodegradations, viability, and cell proliferation capacity of the fabricated biocomposite was assessed. The biocomposite demonstrated upgraded swelling and antibacterial activity. The addition of ZnHAP accomplished the antibacterial activity. Biocompatibility studies were carried out using osteoblast cells and thus we proved the non-toxic nature of the biocomposite. Osteoblast cell adhesion investigations demonstrated that the cells were appended and infiltrated into the inside of the biocomposite. The obtained results encourage the use of these bandages for various types of wounds with infection and exudate

A biocomposite composed of Chitosan (Cs), Zinc oxide (ZnO), Acalypha indica (AI) was fabricated by simple chemical precipitation method. The achieved biocomposite was characterized by Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDAX) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The phytochemical constituents in the AI leaf extract were also studied by Gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies were studied using Diclofenac sodium and ascorbic acid as standard by Fetal bovine serum denaturation and (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) DPPH radical scavenging method. The effective bactericidal action of the composite was evaluated against both gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The hemolysis activity was studied using Triton x 100 as negative and Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as positive control. The biocompatibility nature was evaluated by the MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay and Fluorescence staining method using mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Additionally, the in-vitro wound healing potential was also assessed by scratch wound assay with L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Hence, these obtained results suggest that the Cs/ZnO/AI biocomposite can act as a suitable candidate in wound care applications.

A biocomposite film composed of biopolymers chitosan (CS), gelatin (GE) and allantoin (AT) was fabricated by solution casting technique. The functional group interaction of the biocomposite films was inspected through the Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectrometer (ATR-FTIR). The morphological changes and crystallinity of biocomposite films with varied ratios of chitosan/gelatin (CS/GE) and allantoin were examined under Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The water-absorbing capacity was found enhanced by an increase in the chitosan ratio. The biocomposite films exhibit good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. The biocomposite films also display enhanced stability with steady degradation under the PBS medium. The biocomposite films reveal improved antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Blood compatibility studies explore the non-hemolytic nature. The in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay shows excellent biocompatibility. The fibroblast adhesion on the biocomposite film displays enhanced proliferation and viability. These significant biological properties of biocomposite film make it an appropriate candidate for wound dressing application.

A biopolymer based nanocomposite with O-Carboxymethyl
chitosan (O-Cmc), nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Lawsone (Ln) with
proving advantages in antibacterial wound healing application
was prepared. The physiochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite
(NCs) was analysed by Fourier Transmission Infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning
electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope
(TEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biological
properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant activities
were investigated in vitro. The nanocomposite also possesses
efficient drug encapsulation and releasing profile with greater
stability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Dulbecco’s
minimal essential medium (DMEM). The results of the antibacterial
studies show its enhanced bactericidal nature. The
results obtained from MTT assay, Ethidium bromide stained
fluorescence image and in vitro wound scratch assay show
greater cell viability with the closure of scratch wound
obviously proves it’s prominent biocompatible, wound closure
nature. These biological properties show that the prepared
nanocomposite has a greater potential to act as an excellent
biomaterial in the field of wound care applications.

Six new N,N,O tridentate water soluble hydrazide based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base derivatives have been prepared
through in-situ synthesis. The degree of substitution of schiff base derivatives was calculated theoretically and the derivatives
were prepared with 1:1 proportion. Biopolymer Schiff base derivatives with their various bonding sites and different protoncarbon
environment were characterised by FT-IR and 1H, 13C NMR. The crystallinity of synthesized Schiff bases was studied
by X-ray diffraction. Thermal decomposition of all synthesized O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base ligands was investigated
by thermo gravimetric analysis which revealed the presence of Schiff base functionality to elongate the temperature to > 300
ºC. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base derivatives were affecting the
crystallinity of chitosan. Additionally, the synthesized novel Schiff base derivatives were characterized for anti-inflammatory,
total antioxidant and antidiabetic studies and they showed better biological and pharmaceutical results with standard drug.
Graphic Abstract
Keywords Biopolymer schiff base derivatives · Carboxymethylation · Anti-inflammatory · Antidiabetic activity

In this study, novel eco-friendly and water-soluble chitosan Schiff base derivatives have been designed for potential use in antimicrobial applications. The novel water-soluble hydrazide-based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff bases were prepared by carboxymethylation for potential applications in several biomedical and pharmaceutical avenues. Problems relating to the water solubility of hydrazide-based chitosan Schiff base derivatives have been eliminated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals the extended thermal stability of the complex even at an elevated temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal crystallinity that is destroyed after complexation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images clearly reveal the crystalline and amorphous nature of the synthesized derivatives. The amorphous form finds wide applications in biological, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. The synthesized water-soluble chitosan Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes have been investigated for some biological and pharmacological applications and the studies have shown better antibacterial activity, antifungal assay, anti-inflammatory activity and total antioxidant nature of the complexes.

Water soluble hydrazide based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base ligands have been prepared from chitosan and a mixture of benzoic acidhydrazide with β-diketone by carboxymethylation using mono chloroaceticacid (MCA) through in-situ reaction. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was determined by elemental analysis and potentiometric titration. Schiff base ligands and the functional groups were characterised by FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystallinity of ligands and complexes was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies. Thermal stability of all the synthesized compounds was investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) which revealed the presence of metal oxide (CuO) residue to elevate the temperature to >500 °C. Filed emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis revealed that Cu (II) complexes were more amorphous in nature than chitosan and Schiff base ligands. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies reported that the d9 configuration of the metal complex was paramagnetic in nature and the geometry of the complex was square pyramidal. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized hydrazide Cu (II) complexes was characterised by agar plate method, anti-inflammatory study was characterised by egg albumin denaturation technique and total antioxidant activity was characterised by phosphomolybdenum method.

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This paper discusses the preparation and characterization of biocomposite lignin (Lg) derived from Artocarpus
heterophyllus- chitosan (CS) (Lg-CS) for biomedical applications. To develop enhanced physico-chemical and
biological properties of CS was combined with the Lg at 1, 3, and 5 wt% concentrations. Fourier transform
Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) outcomes suggest the presence of hydrogen bonding between CS and Lg, scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) pictures reveal that Lg was uniformly dissolved in CS. As a result of effective interface
and uniform dispersion, the mechanical stability of CS has been significantly enhanced due to the presence of Lg.
The bio-compatibilities of the Lg-CS towards NIH 3t3 cells were also investigated in cell propagation analyzer
after day 3. The results of the above study reveal that the Lg-CS bio-composites bandages are found to transmit
the most convenient surrounding for the advancement of NIH 3t3 cells. The results suggest that the fabricated
bio-composites materials shall be suitable for applications as wound healing and dressing materials.

Versatile hybrid organic polymers are prepared using two active intermediates such as cynuric chloride and chitosan derivatives. The prepared chalcones are characterized by using FT-IR, UV, and proton NMR, thermal analysis and Minimum inhibitory Concentration. Thermal stability of the synthesized hybrid polymer is found using TGA and the hybrid chitosan derivative chalcone is thermally stable up to 270 °C. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared chitosan containing chalcone moiety are find out using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. The synthesized versatile chalcone shows excellent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and Gram-positive bacteria Chalcone containing halogen moiety shows high activity (MIC 7.8 µg/mL) than the hydroxyl containing chalcone. Cytotoxicity activity of the synthesized composites shows high activity.

A series of biologically active chalcones are prepared using 1-(4-(4-((6-((7chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)hexyl)amino)-6-((4-
nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)ethanone and different substituted aromatic aldehyde under bio-friendly
method. Prepared chalcones are characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and tested for their antimicrobial activity against a gram positive
and gram negative bacteria's are using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Chlorine containing chalcones shows
high antibacterial activity against tested bacteria, among the synthesized chalcones.
Keywords: Bacteria; Chlorine; Chalcone; MIC; Antimicrobial activity

A series of bioactive chalcones are synthesized using 3-(4-(4-[4-acetylphenoxy]-6-([nitrophenyl]amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (ACP) and different substituted aromatic aldehyde under solvent free conditions. Synthesized chalcones are characterized and tested for their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria’s. The synthesized chalcones are characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activities of the chalcones are determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Synthesized chalcones shows high activity against tested bacteria’s especially the chalcone containing chlorine moiety shows very high activity against tested gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus at 7.81 μL/ml.

bstract: Modification of Chitosan into its derivative is a convenient method to improve its properties like metalrnion adsorption, antimicrobial activity, etc. In this work the hydroxyl group of chitosan was modified byrnreacting with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid to obtain O-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) chitosan (OSCS). Further, thernprepared derivative was blended with starch in 1:1 ratio using glycerol as a film forming material. It wasrnnamed as OSCSB. The derivatives were characterised by FTIR, XRD and TGA to confirm theirrnformation. XRD and TGA results showed the decrease in crystalline nature and thermal stability of thernblend. The antibacterial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcusrnaureus (S.aureus) and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) by Zone of Inhibition method. The antifungalrnactivities against Candida albicans (C. albicans), Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Aspergillus flavus (A.rnflavus) were also assessed by the same method. This study clearly showed that both ester derivatives andrnits blend having a significant effect against the tested microbes.

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TiO2 filled bio-based composites were prepared from epoxidized soy bean oil and Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, in which the nano TiO2 particles were dispersed using ultra sonication method. Composites prepared with 1, 3, 5 and 7 weight percent level (wt%) of TiO2 particles were characterized for their thermal properties such as glass transition temperature and degradation stability. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal stability of the composites increases up to 5 wt% addition of TiO2; thereafter it follows a decreasing trend, since the increased amount of nano sized particles makes it difficult for dispersion. The glass transition temperature of the composites was improved considerably. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) further confirms the restricted chain mobility of the composites upon reinforcement. The significant improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were achieved on reinforcement. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies show that the nanoparticles are exfoliated in the soy based epoxy matrix system. The morphological behavior of composites studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the compatibility between the matrix and nanoparticles. The results showed that adding nano sized TiO2 particles can improve the properties of thermal, mechanical, compatibility and water resistance of these renewable resource based epoxy matrices suitable for engineering applications.

Keywords: DMA; nano TiO2 particles; soy based epoxy; TGA morphology; X-ray studies

Bio-based nanocomposites were developed from epoxidized soy bean oil and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, in which the nano sized zirconium oxide (ZrO2) particles were dispersed using ultra sonication method. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites were studied with thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), restricted chain mobility and rigidity developed upon reinforcement results in reduced oxygen permeability leads to the enhanced thermal stability. The high storage modulus exhibited by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that nanocomposites lead to rigidity upon reinforcement and it also confirms the restricted chain mobility of the composites. The structural morphological characteristics of the nanocomposites were investigated by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The WAXD studies shows that the nanoparticles are exfoliated in the soy based epoxy matrix system. The SEM micrographs reveal the compatibility between the matrix and the nanoparticles without any aggregation. Significant improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength of the composites were also reported.

Bio-based nanocomposites have been developed from epoxidized soybean oil, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMM). The organically modified montmorillonite and the nanocomposites were investigated by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis and the morphology of these nanocomposites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The exfoliated nanocomposites exhibited significant improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that nanocomposites exhibits high storage modulus and imparts rigidity upon reinforcement of the OMM. The nanocomposites were characterized for their thermal properties such as glass transition temperature, degradation stability and water absorption properties. There is almost a 24% increase in the tensile and flexural properties of the prepared nanocomposites upon reinforcement of 7wt% of the MMT. The restricted chain mobility and diffusion of oxygen and volatile products enhanced the thermal stability of the nanocomposites to a significant value.

Epoxidized soybean oil at various concentrations was cured with amine curing agent. The prepared matrices were chemically modified with three types of bismaleimides, namely N,N′ -bismaleimido4,4 ′ -diphenylmethane (BMI-1), 1,3-bis(maleimido)benzene (BMI-2) and 3,3′ -bis(maleimidophenyl) phenylphosphine oxide (BMI-3). The interpenetrating networks thus developed were characterized for glass transition temperature, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical analysis, heat distortion temperature, flame retardancy and water absorption behavior. The incorporation of bismaleimides in the soy-based epoxy matrices significantly enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. The excellent flame retardant properties of the BMI-3 incorporated system were also demonstrated by high char yield and high limiting oxygen index. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies showed that the storage modulus increased with the increase in the concentration of bismaleimides and a reduction in the tan δ value for the bismaleimide-modified, 30 wt.% soy-based epoxy system due to enhanced cross-linking density and rigidity.

This study is concerned with the preparation and mechanical characterization of bio-based polymers from renewable resources. Epoxidized soybean oil at various concentrations is cured with an amine curing agent. The prepared matrices have been chemically modified with three types of bismaleimides, namely N, N′-bismaleimido-4, 4′-diphenyl methane (BMI-1), 1,3-bis(maleimido)benzene(BMI-2) and 3,3′-bis(maleimido phenyl)phenyl phosphineoxide (BMI-3). The crosslinked matrices thus developed were characterized for their mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. The incorporation of bismaleimides in the soy-based matrices significantly enhances the mechanical properties. The morphological behavior of matrices is also studied using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the bismaleimide-modified soy-based epoxy resin at appropriate concentration holds great potential as a replacement for petroleum-based materials in engineering applications.

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Previous therapies on bone repair and reconstruction involving autografts and allografts have great risks of disease transmissions and immune responses. Several efforts are being made in the areas of bone regeneration and tissue engineering to regenerate damaged bones. Often, the synthesized biomaterial lacks biocompatibility and bioactivity. Current research on chitosan (CS)-based biomaterials reveals that CS possesses excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biodegradability and is very suitable for bone substitutes/repair/tissue engineering applications. Its tailor-made functional groups, surface modification property, and optimum porosity offer wide applications in bone repair and regeneration. This entry discusses the current trends in CS-based biomaterials for bone cements, bone defect repairs, preparation of scaffolds, bone cell tissue engineering, guided bone regeneration, and coatings on bone substitutes.

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Synntheis of materials with antimicrobial property is a fascinating field of research in material science

A Schiff abse between Salicyladehyde and 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5- triazine was prepared.

Schiff base between ortho carboxy benzaldehyde and DADPM was synthesised at 70 degree celcius at nitrogen atmosphere and at stirring condition for 5 hours.

In this work determination of nitrite was performed using iodometric technique. A qualitative
analysis was carried out for nitrite determination. Conditions such as [KI],[NO2-] and pH were optimize. Disapperance of bluish green colour was taken as the end point. Out of different concentrations, for [KI]=5mM and 2.5mM,linearity in the graph (Equiv.[Na2S2O3] Vs [NO2
-]) plotted was observed. For the real sample analysis, four real samples such as Hen flesh, Hybrid variety hen flesh, flesh of goat and sheep flesh, with [KI] = 5 mM and [Na2S2O3] = 5 mM were taken. Increase in concentration of [KI] shows a corresponding increase in the reaction. The real sample values are noted down, initially the points are found to be linear and then saturates.

An induced electron transfer reaction has been attemped presently with pyrazinium chloro chromate
and pentamminecobalt(III)complexes of alpha hydroxyl acids in the presence of of micelles. The
reaction exhibits second order ki'netics and in the case of mandelato complexes the amount of cobalt complex dulcnedncorrespondsr,to n "imply 70% o flnandelato comple x is con vertPeedxteos kneeo acidnctoboalcobalt complex in p!'mzinium chlom chromate induced election tranler iin the complex, the intem)ediate radical formeddissociates in a nearly synchronous manner with c-c bond cleavage and the rest of it proceeding with alpha C-H fission yielding .keto acid cobalt(111) complex.
With increasing the detergent concentration an increase in the rate is observed.

in this work Cu(II) complex of O-carboxy chitosan-citral schiff base was synthesised and its UV spectral behavior was studied.

In this study the chemistry of Heterocyclic Chalcones has generated intensive scientific interest due to their biological and industrial applications. Chalcones are natural biocides and are well known intermediates in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds exhibiting various biological activities. A new series of Heterocyclic chalcones showed diversified biological activities. According to Claisn -Schimdt condensation, a serie of novel substituted thiophenyl chalcones were synthesised and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Synthesis of New Chitin derivatives and their application as efficient heavy metal adsorbents

Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable aliphatic copolyesters poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)

Modification of Chitosan into its derivative is a convenient method to improve its like metal ion adsorption, antimicrobial activity etc, In this work the hydroxyl group of chitosan was modified by reacting with 2-hydroxy benzoic acid to obtain O-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) chitosan (OSCS). Further, the derivative was blended with starch in 1:1 ratiousing glecyrol as a film forming material.

Salicyloyl Chitosan/ Starch blend (SCSB) was prepared in two steps. In he first step, chitosan was modified as Salicyloyl chitosan (SCS) by treting with salicylic acid and in the next step the prepared salicyloyl chitosan was blended with starch.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Heterocyclic compounds and their Biological Evaluations

Preparation, Characterisation and antimicrobial activity of tin complex of chitosan –citral Schiff base

Chitosan and its derivatives have variety of advantages like in industrial and biomedical fields. In recent years , research has been focused on biodegradable films of natural polymers like chitosan, starch, cellulose ettc. Such polymers may be proteins of plant and biological materials. The present study was focused on impregnation of tridax procumben s extract into chitosan to develop a antimicrobial films.

Synthesis of starch based chitosan derivative blend films for active packaging.

Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological activity of some Acetyl imidazole chalcone derivatives

Synthesis and applications of some chitosan derivatives / starch blend

Synthesis , Characterization and Biological Activity of some Acetyl Imidazole Chalcones

Concept of creativity and some methods of creativity development in science education and research

Role of Computers in Chemical Research

Synthesis of some Mannich Base derivaties and their antimicrobial activities

Antimicrobial activity of acylthiourea derivaties of chitooligomer

Molecular Geometries and Spectral Analysis of Some Pyrazolo Quinoline Derivatives in Optoelectronic Devices

Molecular structure , vibrational spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), UV and NBO analysis of Coumarin dye as dopant in OLED by TD-DFT

Theoretical investigation on the molecular structure of TPD in the hole transport layer in (OLED)

Quantum-Chemical Simulations on Pyrazolo [3,4-b] Quinoline as a Dopant in Multiplayer OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) FABRICATION

Light harvesting efficiency calculation on Coumarin based dye design in the application of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC)

Study of Thineyl Compounds prepared by Suzuki Coupling in Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)

The research is aimed to investigate the adsorption of the heavy metal Chromium (VI) using activated charcoal made from Sida Acuta plant leaves as an adsorbent. Various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, time and initial metal ion concentration were studied to determine the most efficient conditions for adsorption. It was found that the maximum adsorbing efficiency was achieved at a pH of 2, which was more effective than commercially available activated carbon. All batch adsorption experiments were completed within 60 minutes. The experimental data was compared to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. To evaluate the surface morphology and chemical characteristics of the adsorbent, FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD were used. These techniques helped to study the influence of powdered activated charcoal (PAC) on Cr (VI) removal. The activated carbons were characterized before and after Chromium (VI) exposure to confirm chromium adsorption. The XRD results were consistent with the presence of chromium species on the surface of the adsorbent.

ABSTRACT
Preparation of activated charcoal from Borassus flabellifer Shell (Arecaceae) and its adsorption behaviors of heavy metal chromium (VI) ions were studied. FTIR spectra was used to characterize prepared Borassusflabellifer Shell (Arecaceae). Effects of various parameters including equilibrium pH, initial metal ion concentration and adsorption time on the adsorption processes for the Cr(VI) metal ions was investigated. It was found that for Cr(VI) metal ions, the adsorption isotherms agreed Langmuir model and freundlich model very well. All adsorption processes can attain equilibrium within 60 min.
Key words:Borassusflabellifer Shell(Arecaceae) ;adsorption; heavy metals; adsorption isotherms; FTIR.

Abstract
The study was aimed at efficiency evaluation of non-conventional low cost adsorbents such as
wrightiatinctoria peels for the removal of chromium from aqueous solution. The efficiency of the adsorbents for the removal of chromium was investigated. The effect of chromium solution PH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration and adsorbent mesh size on adsorption were studied in a batch experiment. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of chromium were analyzed in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.

Key Words: Cr (VI), low-cost adsorbents, activated carbon, adsorbent, adsorption, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.

In this work many industries such as dye stuffs textile, paper and plastics consume substantial volumes of water. As a result, they generate a considerable amount of coloured waste water containing dissolved dyes.Some dyes cause allergic dermatitis, skin irritation, cancer and mutation in man. Rice Husk was collected from Namakkal, Tamil Nadu. The dried rice husk was corbonized in a sealed ceramic oven after corbonization, the poly pyrrole was synthesized on Rice Husk Activated Carbon (RHC) surface, which was previously soaked in monomer pyrrole solution followed by slow addition of chemical oxidants FeCl3 at room temperature. Physico-chemical characteristics of Poly Pyrrole composite were studied as per the standard testing methods. In order to characterize the surface structure and morphology of Poly Pyrrole Rice Husk carbon composite, adsorption studies, characteristics, adsorption kinetics, batch mode, adsorption isotherm and column analysis have done. The present investigation shows that the polymer coated Rice Husk carbon composites were effective, cheap and eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of Basic Red 29 from aqueous solution. SEM photograph of activated carbon shows many large holes with diameters about 10 micro meter in a honeycomb shape were clearly found on the surface of activated carbons. In addition, the walls of these holes are thick and smooth without any cottony structure. The pseudo second order kinetic model describes the adsorption much better than pseudo first-order.

Hydroxyapatite (HA), is the major component present in bone minerals which has remarkable properties due to its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Fish bone is a natural biowaste contains calcium phosphate act as main constituent for hydroxyapatite. Based on the potential characteristic nature of HA, in this study our aim is to prepare HA from fish bone, then incorporated by using manganese dioxide (MN) and chitosan (CS) to get composite (HA/MN/CS) which possess effective behaviour in environmental applications. Predominantly the composite is to enhance the photocatalytic property of HA/MN/CS and also has been evaluated for photodegradation of dye. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scan electron microscopy (FESEM) methods were used to characterize the composite formed. The as-prepared composite were used to degrade the dye AO7 under direct sunlight irradiation, UV light (254 nm and 365 nm wavelength). The result shows that composite have better degrade the dye AO7 under 365 nm of 93% within 90 min of exposure to reveal the environmental application of the composite. This present study utilize the composite for the degradation of dye and it would be a safer, non-toxic, and potential candidate for the photodegradation of organic dyes in wastewater.

Fishbone comprising hydroxyapatite (bio-ceramic) is regularly viewed as a natural resource for biological and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, hydroxyapatite has been prepared from fishbone waste using thermal calcination method. The composite hydroxyapatite–montmorillonite–sodium alginate was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Various functional groups of biocomposite were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability and crystallinity of biocomposite were analysed through thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction studies respectively. The morphological surface of composites was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized composite was designed to study the enhanced biological potential such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, drug loading and the drug releasing ability. Antioxidant and anti-diabetic analysis of composite were studied using phosphomolybdenum and α-amylase inhibitory method respectively. The drug releasing ability of compounds (Doxorubicin and Curcumin) were investigated by UV–spectrophotometry method at different pH medium (pH = 5.5, 6.8 and 7.4). Additionally, in-vitro kinetic studies were carried out on composite to determine the drug releasing ability of doxorubicin and curcumin.